To me, one of the paradoxes of true democracy is that it often results in sub-optimal solutions to problems (cf. Affordable Care Act), and occasionally results in absolutely regressive, knee-jerk responses to crisis that can actually do damage to other cherished values (cf. The Patriot Act, TARP). Sometimes pleasing enough people to get a majority diminishes the effectiveness in reaching the described goal, sometimes vested interests take control of the process and corrupt it. It takes stamina, and sometimes the patience of Job, to maintain a democracy and ensure that it serves the people well.
Americans Elect , which got a big boost from an appearance on The Colbert Report last night, is an ostensible ‘third party’ (although they reject this characterization, calling themselves an ‘open presidential nominating process’), inspired by the “Web 2.0” capability to ‘aggregate’ user input (at the heart of how Groupon works) and to ‘correlate’ that input in various ways (at the heart of internet polling like Zogby, or dating services like Match.com).
Unfortunately, while aggregation and correlation are useful tools, they are not an end in themselves, as anyone who’s familiar with Mark Twain can tell you. Polling, which typically relies upon multiple-choice, mutually-exclusive answers, skews responses simply by phrasing the questions and limiting the answers, often creating false dichotomies (Zogby’s “do you consider yourself a citizen of the world or of the United States”? is a classic).
When taking Americans Elect’s voter-profiling opinion survey, I answered “unsure” many times, only because I felt that my answer to the question was not included. Is “energy independence” necessarily at odds with “environmental protection”? Is “energy independence” even an attainable goal? I would argue that “sustainable development” is a more useful and productive goal than “energy independence”, although the ideas have susbstantial overlap in their goals, but the term I prefer was not offered anywhere in the survey questions.
So in the end, the survey simply asked my opinion on prevailing political memes, without asking anything about my values or goals. Political parties by their nature represent goals and principles, which are epochal and value-based, rather than policy proscriptions, which are ephemeral and sometimes reactive.
When designing a system, it’s important to ask open-ended questions, which are the most powerful, and will lead you to consider issues which you may have missed in your original formulation of ideas, or even of the goals of the system. One of the precepts of good root-cause analysis is to ask the “5 levels of why” before arriving at a conclusion, and without those open-ended questions, you can’t ask why — there is no discussion, only a forced framework of choices that make assumptions which may be unwarranted.
So it’s a sort of magical thinking to surmise that making political participation as simple as using the web (which, of course, isn’t so simple for certain demographics, but more on that later) will result in better solutions to society’s ills.
As someone who’s helped design a lot of Information Systems, which is one way to describe voting processes, I can tell you that often a problem in designing a system that achieves positive goals is not a lack of participation by stakeholders, but a lack of informed discussion between stakeholders. For example, while streamlining or automating a process may provide positive benefits for stakeholder A, the same change may impact stakeholder B in a negative manner that is only apparent to her. That’s why it’s important both to include all stakeholders in the discussion about change, but also to ensure that they explain to each other how changes will impact them, and more importantly, what each of them expects that system to achieve for them — that is, the definition of success needs to be the same for all stakeholders. Not always easy, but worth the extra effort to avoid problems later.
As I see it, the problems with our democracy aren’t described by any of the stated goals of Americans Elect, some of which are even belied by its actual system design. The root causes of our distress are not inherent in the tools of our present system, but inherent in ourselves. Some of Americans Elect’s stated goals seem to be solutions in search of a problem; other elements so overstate their benefits that it would seem that they’re angling for an IPO. I’ll address a few of the more troubling items found in the “about” slide show on the website.
“a 21st-century nominating system with state-of-the-art security at every step”
Technology can indeed address issues of voting fraud (think how secure online banking is these days), but this is a miniscule issue in party nomination processes, and still doesn’t rise to a major disruptor in general elections — which makes me wonder if this is simply some surreptitious demo for online voting systems that can be sold by someone like Diebold, to entirely replace polling booths. And as an EDP Auditor, I would actually like to know what controls have been placed upon access to the database behind the voting system. While Americans Elect claims transparency as a value, none of the specifications for their state-of-the-art security are made public — and I’d like Black Box Voting to review it before I put confidence in their claim that “…an independent, publicly-identified panel of computer scientists, ballot security experts and citizens will examine the system.” As for transparency, I’d really like to know who’s funding this expensive exercise, and why (there’s that word again).
“Americans Elect will succeed by putting a nonpartisan ticket on the 2012 ballot in every state”
Need I point out the foolhardiness of creating a permanent ballot position in every state without the protections provided by having established party infrastructure? Once the novelty of Americans Elect wears off, how many of its ‘delegates’ will continue to vigilantly populate that ballot position in future elections, and who will protect the collective online infrastructure from being usurped by others who do not represent the positions which were so painstakingly surveyed? This is not a theoretical problem, and it’s exacerbated by the real problem, which is low-information voters.
This points out the greatest magical-thinking flaw in Americans Elect — much as we like to think of our President as the “most powerful leader in the world”, there are limits to what a President can do even with a base of support in Congress, much less without any base of party support. Further, political party structures create a bi-directional channel for discussion of issues, all the way up from local governmental entities to the White House. That discussion is an essential element of policy formation, and it’s simple-minded to think that Presidents can, by edict or other means, enforce policy without that base of support which extends all the way through the various levels of government. It’s in part why parties run slates of candidates for various offices, it creates a team of implementers and policy supporters throughout levels of government.
Promoting the Presidency as a cure-all, who can act by fiat is the same kind of flawed thinking which proscribes “making federal budget decisions just like families do”; of course, husbands and wives never argue about the household budget, do they? Multiply that by 300 million people, or even 535 elected representatives, and you can see the simple-mindedness of that sort of argument, it contradicts the inherent nature of political discussion, which is an iterative, interactive, and often messy process. If you want simple, direct government by fiat, try North Korea, no messy discussions there.
“Our purpose is to make the nominating process more open and representative of the majority of voters.”
First of all, the idea that our elected officials are not representative of the majority of voters is a straw man — all the people who wish to participate are participating already, and those who are not either don’t care or are discouraged by the inefficacy of the results and shouldn’t give up so easily. Further, the U.S. Constitution explicitly, and by design, protects minorities in many ways, and I’ll leave it to the reader to research the reasons for that; but further, democracy is not simply the addition of votes cast for one of two mutually-exclusive options, it should involve thoughtful examination of issues and an agreed-upon definition of societal goals.
Secondly, the idea that an internet-only system can “better represent” our society is ludicrous, when not only internet access is limited in many parts of the country, but also limited to many persons based upon income, age, and disability. I would be interested in how the Americans Elect designers intend to address this serious flaw in their methodology — although party nominating systems are not covered under the Voting Rights Act, it seems to be a severe limitation in achieving the high-minded goal of representing a majority of voters. I would ask the question, “majority of which voters”? (Certainly, the concerns of the elderly or technophobic will be poorly represented by this process).
The real problem in our electoral system is not that the majority is somehow under-represented, it is that the majority is under-informed about how various policies will impact the greater society at large. This is a failure of only one element in the system — the voters themselves, who fail to take their responsibilities as citizen-leaders seriously. When election after election seems to be decided by so-called “low information voters” — i.e., people who rely upon rumor, innuendo, emotional appeals, and that soup of all of them, television commercials, to make their choice.
In other words, the main problem is not one of our voting turnout, or ballot access (although these are legitimate concerns and worthy of improvement) – our greater problem is that the average American has little understanding of the complexity of governmental actions today, and how those actions impact our greater goals as a society (confer the recent willingness to let the U.S. default on its debts for only the most recent example). Contrary to popular opinion, there is considerable agreement on our goals as a society, what I would call ‘American values’ — there just isn’t cooperation on how to achieve them, and that, my friends, is not going to be solved by any presidential nominating process, even the ones currently in place.
Our economy, societal organization, and community structures have reached such a level of abstraction that it is difficult for most of us to understand how any of them relate to each other. We’ve lost the sense of shared national purpose that is essential to democracy. It’s as if, as a nation, we’ve started to have a mid-life crisis, or worse yet, have sunk into dementia, behaving as if each one of us has all the answers, when on many issues, most of us, all by ourselves, can neither correctly identify the causes of problems nor the full impact of our “solutions”. And we can’t solve that by some Yelp-like review system.
If you want to improve the political process in this country, become a part of it. Talk to your neighbors, and talk to people from the next neighborhood over, the next town over, and the next state over. Especially talk to people with whom you disagree, until you can understand their viewpoint, and have asked “Why?” many times.
Turn off the TV, in particular cable news, which has failed to meet its promise for in-depth discussion and has only increased the repetition of television “journalism” shallowness — which was once blamed on lack of time, and which has been left unaddressed even with the adent of 24-hour news programming.
Start small. Work with your neighbors to solve a small problem, then share your results with the people in the next neighborhood, and stay in touch to see how they modified your solution to fit their needs. Ask the “5 levels of why” every time you encounter something or someone that you don’t understand, and don’t stop until you DO understand the root cause.
Finally, beware the magical solution, especially when, like Americans Elect, its transparency is open to question. You can learn all you need to know about democracy from one Frank Capra movie, but it’s not Mr. Smith Goes to Washington, it’s Meet John Doe, a lesser-known film than its Christian-metaphor counterpart It’s a Wonderful Life, but with a much more cynical core.
Organic movements are challenging to start but easy to corrupt, and faux-organic movements, which sidestep the hard work of democracy by conveniently spending large amounts of money to channel populist fervor, almost always have hidden agendas. And it’s interesting that an organization touting its transparency fails to reveal who’s funding the petition drives required for its mission of ballot access, or how much has been spent, and by whom, on the considerable technology resources and infrastructure required for its website.
Beware shortcuts and magical thinking. Democracy, and particularly a functional, governing democracy, is hard work. When it doesn’t work, it’s easy to blame your tools, like a bad carpenter. It’s much, much harder to look in the mirror and put the blame where it belongs.